Assessing the Dynamics of Pakistan-Mauritius Bilateral Relations

The Republic of Mauritius

The Republic of Mauritius comprises of islands located in the southwestern region of the Indian Ocean. The islands boast over 150 kilometers (100 miles) of pristine white sandy beaches, with lagoons shielded from the open ocean by the world's third-largest coral reef, encircling the entire island. Mauritius operates as a parliamentary republic, where the Prime Minister serves as the Head of Government, and the President acts as the Head of State and Commander in Chief. The cabinet of Mauritius comprises 23 ministers.

Since achieving independence in 1968, Mauritius has made significant strides in its economic development, now boasting an upper middle-income economy status. However, notable challenges persist, including the transition to a knowledge-based economy and the need to adapt to the effects of climate change.

The economy of Mauritius continues to show steady growth, with real GDP expanding by an estimated 4.1% in 2018, up from 3.8% in the previous year. Gross National Income per capita at market prices has reached 385,822 rupees. Unemployment stands at approximately 6.9%, while the inflation rate was recorded at 3.2% in 2018. Key drivers of growth include the construction sector, financial services, and advancements in information and communications technology.

In 2022, the estimated growth of real GDP surged to 8.7%, a significant increase from the 3.4% recorded in 2021. This acceleration was driven by continued policy backing and the relaxation of travel constraints, with a notable boost from the revival of the tourism industry. Monetary policy stayed supportive to bolster economic momentum, leveraging low inflation rates. Projections indicate a growth rate of 6.20% in 2023 and 4.9% in 2024, primarily attributed to the resurgence of tourism.

Over the past few decades, Mauritius has undergone a significant economic transformation. From its origins as a monocrop sugarcane economy in the 1970s, the country diversified into sectors such as sugar production, manufacturing (primarily textiles and garments), and tourism during the 1980s. Furthermore, since the mid-1990s, there has been continuous growth in global business (offshore) activities and freeport operations, further broadening the economic base of Mauritius.

Pakistan

Pakistan emerged as an independent sovereign nation in August 1947, following the partition of the British Indian Empire. Situated in South Asia, Pakistan is bordered by various countries and bodies of water. To the south lies the Arabian Sea, with Pakistan's coastline stretching for 1,046 kilometers. India borders Pakistan to the east, spanning a border of 2,912 kilometers. Iran lies to the west, sharing a border of 909 kilometers with Pakistan. Afghanistan is situated to the northwest, with a shared border of 2,430 kilometers. Towards the northeast, China shares a border of 523 kilometers with Pakistan.

The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan outlines a Federal Parliamentary System, where the President serves as the Head of State and the Prime Minister, elected by the public, serves as the Head of Government. The Federal Legislature, known as Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament), is bicameral, consisting of the National Assembly and the Senate. Additionally, the Constitution stipulates that the President addresses both Houses jointly at the start of the initial session following General Elections.

Pakistan boasts a significant historical association with the Silk Road and is renowned for the Khyber Pass, a historic passage enabling external influences to permeate the relatively secluded subcontinent. The mountainous terrain, featuring renowned peaks such as K2 and Nanga Parbat in Pakistani-administered Kashmir, offers a formidable challenge for climbers. Alongside the Indus River have the ancient Mohenjo-daro site, recognized as one of the birthplaces of civilization.

Since its inception, the Pakistani economy has witnessed notable diversification from its initial agricultural-centric focus. While agriculture, once predominant, now contributes approximately one-fifth of the GDP, manufacturing constitutes around one-sixth. The amalgamation of trade and services sectors forms the largest segment of the economy, experiencing significant growth. Pakistan's economic framework bears resemblance to middle-income countries in East and Southeast Asia rather than less prosperous nations in the Indian subcontinent. Notably, the country has demonstrated commendable economic performance, sustaining a consistent and steady annual growth rate since attaining independence.

The diplomatic ties between Pakistan and Mauritius have prospered for over five decades, demonstrating the enduring strength and depth of their friendship. Despite their geographical separation, these two countries have cultivated a robust and lasting connection due to shared values, historical ties, and common interests. This article delves into the evolution of Pakistan and Mauritius’ s relationship, tracing its history from its beginnings to the contemporary era.

Pakistan- Mauritius Diplomatic Relations

Diplomatic ties between Pakistan and Mauritius have spanned over five decades, characterized by cordial relations that have endured since Pakistan swiftly acknowledged Mauritius' independence, standing as one of the initial nations to do so. Over time, the relationship between Pakistan and Mauritius has evolved into a steadfast friendship, marked by mutual respect and understanding. The people of both nations share a deep cultural kinship, fostering strong bonds between them. Pakistan remains committed to further fortifying the ties of friendship with Mauritius. Additionally, the two countries have collaborated on numerous international platforms. Notably, Pakistan continues to extend support to Mauritius on its stance regarding the Chagos Archipelago issue (Diego Garcia) within the United Nations framework.

Prior to the implementation of Pakistan's "Engage Africa Policy," Pakistani diplomatic missions were limited to a few African capitals. However, a significant shift in paradigm is now underway. This policy aims to substantially boost and consolidate Pakistan's political, diplomatic, and economic connections with the African continent, while also broadening its cultural and people-to-people interactions.

Given its longstanding friendship with Pakistan, Mauritius can play a crucial role in supporting this initiative due to its strategic geographical location and its status as a founding member of several African regional organizations. At the institutional level, the African continent is organized into regional blocs, including the Southern African Development Community (SADC), the Common Market for Eastern & Southern Africa (COMESA), the Arab Maghreb Union (AMU), the Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS), and the Economic Community of Western African States (ECOWAS). Mauritius actively participates as a member of both Southern African Development Community (SADC) and Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), adhering to the free trade regimes established by these two blocs.

The sub-regional blocs serve as foundational elements that laid the groundwork for the creation of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) in 2018. This expansive free trade area has the potential to serve as a catalyst for Pakistan's Engage Africa policy, with the objective of doubling its trade with Africa by 2025.

Trade Relations

Mauritius maintains a liberal economic and trade approach, evidenced by its trade-to-GDP ratio of 78.7%. In contrast to many nations, Mauritius imposes minimal trade barriers, with customs duties averaging a mere 0.92%. The island's exports were primarily driven by prepared or preserved fish, cane or beet sugar, and clothing, notably including t-shirts, shirts, and suits. Conversely, Mauritius' imports were predominantly comprised of petroleum products, frozen fish, automobiles, pharmaceuticals, and radio transmission equipment.

The primary trading partners of the country include South Africa (constituting 11.8% of the total), France (11.4%), the United Kingdom (10%), the United States (9.7%), and Madagascar (6.8%). Conversely, imports predominantly originate from China (making up 16.6%), the UAE (12.3%), India (9.5%), South Africa (7.7%), and France (7.3%).

Pakistan and Mauritius signed a Preferential Trade Agreement on 30th July 2007 at Port Louis Mauritius ratified the agreement on October 30, 2007, and it came into effect on November 30, 2007. As per the agreement, Pakistan extended concessions to Mauritius on 130 items/tariff lines, equivalent to 1.9% of its total national tariff lines. In return, Mauritius provided concessions on 102 items/tariff lines, constituting 1.64% of its total national tariff lines.

The partnership between Pakistan and Mauritius has the potential to facilitate outreach and engagement with African countries, fostering stronger trade relations. Africa, rich in raw materials and energy resources, is poised to significantly contribute to global growth and development in the coming years. Pakistan is committed to providing assistance through various means, including the transfer of expertise, skill development, capacity building, and empowerment of local communities.

Celebrating 56th Anniversary of Independence Day and 32nd Anniversary of the Republic of Mauritius

On Monday 22nd April 2024, The Embassy of the Republic of Mauritius in Islamabad proudly commemorated the 56th anniversary of Mauritius' independence in a grand ceremony attended by esteemed dignitaries, High Commissioners, Ambassadors and diplomats from different Embassies.

The event, held at Serena Hotel Islamabad was graced by the presence of distinguished personalities including His Excellency Dr. Tariq Fazal Chaudhary, former Minister and Member of National Assembly (PMLN); His Excellency Senator Mr. Mushahid Hussain Syed; Dean of Diplomatic Corp H.E. Mr. Atadjan Movlamov; and His Excellency Ambassador of Morocco, Excellency Karmoune Dean of the African group, Additional secretary His Excellency Shehryar Akbar Khan of the Africa, Mr. Aziz Boolani, CEO of Serena Hotels, Mr.Zaildar Ahsan Shah, Vice President PRCCSF and Managing Director House of Elaan, among others.

In his opening remarks, His Excellency Mr. Rashidally Soobadar, High Commissioner of the Republic of Mauritius, extended a warm welcome to all attendees and expressed gratitude for their participation in this momentous occasion. He emphasized the significance of celebrating 56 years of freedom, reflecting on Mauritius' remarkable journey towards development and prosperity since gaining independence.

H.E Mr. Rashidally Soobadar, provided an insightful overview of Mauritius' historical background, tracing its evolution from early exploration by Arab and Malay visitors to colonial periods under Portuguese, Dutch, French, and British rule. He highlighted Mauritius' post-independence era, characterized by formidable challenges including high unemployment and poverty, and underscored the government's proactive measures in building a welfare state focused on education, healthcare, housing, retirement benefits, and transportation.

Mauritius' success story in economic diversification was showcased, with H.E Mr. Rashidally Soobadar, emphasizing the country's transition from a single-crop economy to multiple economic pillars including tourism, finance, blue economy, and ICT sector. He cited Mauritius' recognition by international organizations for its favorable business environment, human development index, low corruption levels, peaceful coexistence, and robust democratic institutions.

H.E Mr. Rashidally Soobadar, highlighted the special ties between Mauritius and Pakistan, dating back to the establishment of diplomatic missions in the late 1960s. He emphasized the shared cultural affinity, linguistic connections, and mutual cooperation in various fields such as disaster risk reduction, healthcare, ICT, hospitality, and cultural exchange. H.E Mr. Rashidally Soobadar, announced a bilateral project aimed at promoting Urdu language and cultural exchange between Mauritius and Pakistan, exemplifying the commitment to strengthen ties between the two nations. H.E Mr. Rashidally Soobadar, reaffirmed the enduring friendship between the Republic of Mauritius and the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, expressing optimism for future collaborations and mutual prosperity.

His Excellency Dr. Tariq Fazal Chaudhary, former Minister and Member of National Assembly in his address to participants said that Mauritius and Pakistan have longstanding historical relations while sharing almost the same tradition, culture and roots. He expressed hope that, bilateral relations between the two countries will be further strengthened. Additionally, he said that there is a huge scope for expansion in trade and the private sector has the responsibility to become front-runner in creating new avenues for establishing trade and investment relations.

He said that sustainable efforts are required to give a quick boost to bilateral trade that is much below the respective potential of the two countries. He added that Pakistani products are the best in the world and have the potential to get a suitable share in the Mauritius market. It is need of the hour to strengthen bilateral trade relations through effective communication, connectivity between the two countries.

The event concluded with awards distribution ceremony, H.E Mr. Rashidally Soobadar presented awards and shields to guests including His Excellency Dr. Tariq Fazal Chaudhary, former Minister and Member of National Assembly; His Excellency Senator Mr. Mushahid Hussain Syed; Mrs. Bibi Fatemah Zohra Mohamed Soobadar Spouse of High Commissioner, Dean of Diplomatic Corp H.E. Mr. Atadjan Movlamov; His Excellency Ambassador of Morocco, Excellency Karmoune Dean of the African group, Mr. Adam Koodoruth Deputy High Commissioner, Additional secretary His Excellency Shehryar Akbar Khan of the Africa, Mr. Aziz Boolani, CEO of Serena Hotels, Mrs. Nayab Abrar Administrative Officer of Mauritius High Commission.

A Cake Cutting Ceremony took place, during which all esteemed guests and participants joined on stage to cut the cake. The event concluded with expressions of goodwill and solidarity, echoing the sentiments of "Long Live the Republic of Mauritius" and "Long Live the Islamic Republic of Pakistan."

Conclusion

The diplomatic relations between Pakistan and Mauritius, spanning over five decades, have evolved into a robust and enduring friendship characterized by mutual respect and understanding. Both nations share deep cultural ties and historical connections, which have contributed to the strength of their relationship.

The recent commemoration of Mauritius' 56th independence anniversary in Islamabad highlighted the significance of this longstanding relationship. Distinguished guests from both countries gathered to celebrate Mauritius' journey towards development and prosperity since gaining independence. The event underscored the special ties between Mauritius and Pakistan, emphasizing shared values and mutual cooperation across various sectors.

Furthermore, discussions during the event highlighted the immense potential for enhancing trade and economic cooperation between Pakistan and Mauritius. While both countries have made strides in economic diversification, there is ample room for further collaboration, particularly in areas such as trade, investment, and cultural exchange. Efforts to strengthen bilateral trade relations and promote connectivity between the two nations emphasized as crucial steps towards unlocking the full potential of their partnership.

The efforts of the Mauritius High Commissioner in bolstering Pakistan-Mauritius relations are praiseworthy. Through initiatives such as people-to-people exchanges and endeavors to boost bilateral trade, he is diligently working to enhance ties between both nations. We commend his efforts in strengthening the relationship between both countries, and we anticipate that over time, the ties between both nations will continue to grow stronger.