Exploring Tourism In Taxila: A Journey Through Pakistan's Ancient Wonders

Introduction

Pakistan stands out as a nation graced with a wide array of tourism offerings, encompassing diverse climates, lofty mountain ranges, expansive deserts, sprawling delta plains, and a captivating coastline. The country boasts the distinction of hosting one of the world's oldest civilizations, along with an abundance of alluring natural landscapes, majestic peaks, revered religious and historical sites, seasonal diversity, distinctive arts and crafts, and a heritage steeped in culture. These captivating tourist destinations can be found throughout Pakistan's four provinces, as well as in Gilgit-Baltistan and Azad Kashmir.

From the expansive Karakoram Mountains in the North to the extensive alluvial delta formed by the Indus River in the South, Pakistan remains a land brimming with opportunities for adventure and nature enthusiasts. Activities such as trekking, mountaineering, white water rafting, mountain and desert jeep safaris, camel and yak safaris, trout fishing, and bird watching are just a few examples of the enthralling experiences that beckon adventurers and nature lovers to explore Pakistan.

Pakistan is blessed with a diverse and abundant range of flora and fauna. The towering Himalayas, Karakoram, and Hindukush mountain ranges, adorned with alpine meadows and perpetual snow, transition into coniferous forests and sub-mountain scrublands. The vast expanse of the Indus plain gradually gives way to the expansive desert, while the coastline and wetlands offer a rich variety of vegetation and a diverse array of avifauna, both native and migratory. Pakistan boasts representation from ten out of eighteen mammalian orders, housing species that span from the world's tiniest surviving mammals, such as the Mediterranean Pigmy Shrew, to the largest known mammal, the blue whale.

With a staggering 108 peaks soaring above 7,000 meters and likely an equivalent number above 6,000 meters, Pakistan's mountainous terrain is a haven for climbers and mountaineers. There is an abundance of peaks surpassing 5,000 and 4,000 meters, with five of the world's 14 highest independent peaks, known as the "eight-thousanders," located in Pakistan.

Among these, four lie in the vicinity of Concordia, where the Baltoro Glacier and Godwin Austen Glacier converge, creating a truly awe-inspiring natural spectacle. Moreover, the deserts of Sindh's Tharparkar and Punjab's Cholistan, along with Pakistan's scenic coastline, particularly in Balochistan, possess the capacity to attract a significant influx of both domestic and international tourists. Beyond Pakistan's breathtaking natural landscapes, the country also boasts numerous architectural treasures.

Nestled in the Karakoram Range of Northern Pakistan, Hunza Valley is a paradise for nature enthusiasts and adventure seekers. Visitors are treated to breathtaking vistas of snow-capped peaks, serene lakes, and charming villages. The historic Baltit Fort and the surreal Attabad Lake are must-see attractions in this region. Skardu serves as the gateway to some of the world's highest peaks, including K2. Trekkers flock to this area to embark on life-changing journeys through the Karakoram and Himalayan ranges. The stunning Shangrila Resort, also known as "Heaven on Earth," offers a serene escape amidst lush gardens and lakes. Lahore, Pakistan's cultural heart, boasts a rich history and a vibrant arts scene. The Badshahi Mosque, Lahore Fort, and Sheesh Mahal are architectural marvels that transport visitors back in time. The bustling streets of the Walled City and the delicious culinary offerings make Lahore a must-visit destination.

Pakistan's modern capital, Islamabad, is a city known for its cleanliness and well-planned infrastructure. The Faisal Mosque, with its contemporary architecture and stunning surroundings, is an iconic landmark. The nearby Margalla Hills National Park provides opportunities for hiking and wildlife enthusiasts. Karachi, the country's economic hub, offers a blend of modernity and tradition. Clifton Beach, the Quaid-e-Azam Mausoleum, and the vibrant markets of Saddar provide diverse experiences. The city's dynamic food scene, featuring mouthwatering biryanis and kebabs, is a culinary delight. Multan, often referred to as the "City of Saints," is famous for its ancient shrines and bazaars. The Multan Fort, Shah Rukn-e-Alam Shrine, and the bustling Ghanta Ghar are highlights.

Visitors can immerse themselves in the local culture by exploring the intricacies of blue pottery and embroidery. Gwadar, located along the Arabian Sea, is a rising star among Pakistani tourist destinations. With its pristine beaches, crystal-clear waters, and the stunning Princess of Hope statue, Gwadar is an ideal spot for beach lovers and those seeking tranquility. If these sites are properly preserved, they can undoubtedly enthrall and astound countless tourists.

In 2018, the British Backpacker Society bestowed upon Pakistan the prestigious title of the world's foremost adventure travel destination. They lauded the country as "one of the most hospitable nations on the planet" and marveled at its mountain landscapes, which exceeded all expectations.

Pakistan takes pride in being the custodian of numerous UNESCO World Heritage Sites. These include the Archaeological Ruins at Moenjodaro, the Buddhist Ruins of Takht-i-Bahi and the Adjacent City Remains at Sahr-i-Bahlol, Lahore's Fort and Shalamar Gardens, the Historical Monuments at Makli, Thatta, as well as Rohtas Fort and Taxila. The historical structures in Taxila hold the potential to captivate foreign visitors.

Taxila World's Heritage

Taxila is a remarkable archaeological site with a rich history, featuring a Mesolithic cave, remnants of ancient settlements, Buddhist monastic complexes, and even a Muslim mosque and madrassa. Located strategically on a branch of the Silk Road connecting China and the Western world, Taxila reached its peak between the 1st and 5th centuries CE, making it one of Asia's most significant historical sites. The combined archaeological sites of Saraikala, Bhir, Sirkap, and Sirsukh provide valuable insights into the development of urban centers in the Indian subcontinent. Saraikala, an ancient mound, showcases evidence of human habitation spanning the Neolithic, Bronze Age, and Iron Age periods.

The Bhir mound is the earliest historic city of Taxila, and was probably founded in the 6th century BC by the Achaemenians. Bihr is also associated with Alexander the Great's triumphant entry into Taxila in 326 BC. The Taxila serial site also includes Khanpur cave, which has produced stratified microlithic tools of the Mesolithic period, and a number of Buddhist monasteries and stupas of various periods. Buddhist monuments erected throughout the Taxila valley transformed it into a religious heartland and a destination for pilgrims from as far afield as Central Asia and China.

The Buddhist archaeological sites at Taxila include the Dharmarajika complex and stupa, the Khader Mohra grouping, the Kalawan grouping, the Giri monasteries, the Kunala stupa and monastery, the Jandial complex, the Lalchack and the Badalpur stupa remains and monasteries, the Mohra Moradu monastic remains, the Pipplian and the Jaulian remains, and the Bahalar stupa and remains. The Giri complex also includes the remains of a three-domed Muslim mosque, ziarat (tomb), and madrassa (school) of the medieval period.

One of Taxila's treasures is its museum, which houses a fascinating collection of artifacts and exhibitions that offer a glimpse into Taxila's past and its role as a center of education and culture. The museum stands as a testament to Taxila's legacy and its profound impact on the region's history and culture. Notably, the museum boasts an extensive collection of Gandhara art, spanning from the 1st to the 7th centuries AD, with many of these treasures unearthed from the ancient Taxila ruins.

In early 2023, the Gandhara Art Village was added to Taxila, serving as a vibrant representation of the city's rich culture and exceptional craftsmanship. Within its premises, visitors can admire finely crafted jewelry and pottery made from marble and stone. The Gandhara Art Village also includes workshops where these artistic masterpieces are created, a medical clinic for the local community, traveler accommodations in hostels, and a dedicated gallery for displaying these unique creations to tourists.

One of the most popular tourist attractions aside from the museum is the Jaulian city, built during the spread of Buddhism beyond the Indian subcontinent. Jaulian flourished between the 1st and 4th centuries CE under the Kushan Empire, a dominant force in the region. However, it was later destroyed by the White Huns in the 450s CE and never fully recovered. Excavations by Sir Johan Marshal revealed Jaulian as an architectural masterpiece, with hundreds of coins depicting Kushan royalty, Buddhist symbols, and Greek lettering found at the site. Today, Jaulian Taxila is a renowned archaeological site with immense historical significance.

Jaulian's structure resembles nearby Mohra Muradu, with a main stupa and 27 subsidiary stupas in its Buddhist Stupa complex. Surrounding the courts are 59 chapels depicting scenes from Buddha's life. The complex also includes various monastic structures like storerooms, kitchens, assembly halls, and monk quarters, providing a glimpse into ancient monastic life.

In recognition of its wealth of historical sites and invaluable artifact collections, Taxila received the prestigious designation as a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1980. Since then, it has consistently captivated people from all corners of the globe, becoming a focal point of interest and attraction for many years. Taxila is located approximately 30 kilometers to the north-west of Rawalpindi, along the Grand Trunk Road.

Its diverse cultural heritage makes it an important destination for tourism. It offers a unique opportunity for visitors to explore ancient history, culture, and art while enjoying a meaningful and educational travel experience. Taxila's history reflects the interaction of various cultures, including Indian, Persian, Hellenistic, and Central Asian. This diversity is evident in its architecture, art, and artifacts, making it a culturally rich destination. Taxila also offers opportunities for scholars, researchers, and archaeologists to study its historical and archaeological treasures. This adds to its academic and intellectual appeal. Efforts to preserve and protect Taxila's heritage have ensured that many of its archaeological sites remain in relatively good condition, making it an attractive destination for history enthusiasts.

Minister of Tourism Visit to Taxila

On Wednesday, 27th of September 2023, in observance of World Tourism Day, a cultural expedition journeyed to the Taxila Archaeological Museum, Gandhara Art Village and the historic Taxila University. This caravan was led by Syed Wasi Ahmed Shah, Special Assistant to the Prime Minister on Tourism, along with Dr. Qadir Bakhsh Baloch, the Minister for Education and Tourism of Balochistan. Notably, and Foreign diplomats also participated in this cultural caravan.

The cultural caravan was organised by the Ministry of Tourism in collaboration with Mr. Zaildar Ahsan Shah Managing Director Elaan Research Centre, Sponsored by Elaan Research Centre. The idea initiated by Special Assistant to the Prime Minister on Tourism Wasi Shah while Talking to the media persons on the occasion, Special Assistant to the Prime Minister on Tourism Wasi Shah said that there were immense opportunities for tourism in Pakistan and stressed the need for promoting this sector.

“Instead observing the World Tourism Day inside the walls of some hall, we have planned to celebrate the day in a unique environment by planning to visit the 2,200 years old ancient Taxila University,”

he added.

During Cultural carvan visit, Mr. Zaildar Ahsan Shah, Managing Director Elaan Research Centre, Mr. Ovais Ali Khokhar, CEO House of Elaan and Ovaisco Group, and Mr. Khalid Taimur Akram Executive Director, Elaan Research Centre welcomed the honoured guests to the Taxila museum—a repository teeming with the wealth of history and culture. Mr.Anjum Dara, Deputy Director Archaeological Department Punjab and Curator of Taxila Museum, Miss Humera briefly explained the caravan about the historical importance of museum. They explained that this museum proudly houses a remarkable assortment of artifacts and exhibitions that provide a captivating window into Taxila's bygone eras and its pivotal role as a hub for education and culture. The museum stands as an enduring testament to Taxila's legacy and its profound influence on the history and culture of the region.

This cultural Carvan visited two important archaeological sites in Taxila. The participants of the caravan first took round of archaeological museum Taxila and later visited the Buddhist site of Julian also known as the ancient Taxila Buddhist University. Jaulian flourished between the 1st and 4th centuries CE under the Kushan Empire, a dominant force in the region. However, it was later destroyed by the White Huns in the 450s CE and never fully recovered. Excavations by Sir Johan Marshal revealed Jaulian as an architectural masterpiece, with hundreds of coins depicting Kushan royalty, Buddhist symbols, and Greek lettering found at the site. Today, Jaulian Taxila is a renowned archaeological site with immense historical significance. Jaulian's structure resembles nearby Mohra Muradu, with a main stupa and 27 subsidiary stupas in its Buddhist Stupa complex. Surrounding the courts are 59 chapels depicting scenes from Buddha's life. The complex also includes various monastic structures like storerooms, kitchens, assembly halls, and monk quarters, providing a glimpse into ancient monastic life.

Cultural caravan then visited the Gandhara Art Village where closing ceremony was also held. The Gandhara Art Village is a diverse establishment, encompassing workshops where these artistic masterpieces are brought to life.

It also houses a modest medical clinic, addressing the healthcare needs of the local community. Additionally, there are accommodations in the form of hostels catering to travellers, and a dedicated gallery where these unique creations are prominently displayed for the delight of tourists. Within its premises, visitors can admire finely crafted jewelry and pottery made from marble and stone. The Gandhara Art Village also includes a dedicated gallery for displaying these unique creations to tourists. Mr. Zaildar Ahsan Shah articulated the gallery's purpose as "celebrating and advocating for the city's skilled artisans and their craft”.

During closing ceremony honourable Special Assistant to the Prime Minister on Tourism Wasi Shah, Mr. Rana Aftab, Managing Director tourism, Mr.Khurram Dar, Regional Director for small industries Punjab and Mr. Zaildar Ahsan Shah, Managing Director Elaan Research Centre Addressed the participants.

Balochistan's caretaker minister for education and tourism, Dr Qadir Bux Baloch in his address said that it was high time to explore the tourist potential of the province as it had unique domestic as well as tourism opportunities which may not help to dispel the bad impression of the province but also country. He said that the province has unique islands, beaches, coastline and other places which are not even known by the public.

Dr.Zafar Mirza, the former Health Minister, commended the endeavors of the Honorable Minister Syed Washi Shah and Mr. Zaildar Ahsan Shah for organizing the cultural caravan. He stressed the importance of such events as essential tools for boosting tourism, both among local and foreign visitors.

Rana Aftab, the Managing Director of Tourism, expressed his gratitude to all the stakeholders and participants whose contributions have led to the success of this cultural caravan. He emphasized the importance of organizing similar caravans to raise awareness about our archaeological sites.

The Regional Director for Small Industries in Punjab, Mr.Khurram Dar addressed the audience and provided a concise explanation regarding the significance of the Gandhara Art Village. He also highlighted the products manufactured at this site, emphasizing their role in preserving our rich heritage.

Mr. Khalid Taimur Akram, the Executive Director of Elaan Research Centre, commended the initiatives of Honorable Minister Syed Wasi Shah in commemorating World Tourism Day at archaeological sites. He emphasized that such events have the potential to enhance the promotion of tourism for both local and international visitors.

The Honorable Minister, Syed Wasi Shah, extended his gratitude, particularly to Mr. Zaildar Ahsan Shah and the Elaan Research Center, along with all the stakeholders involved. He expressed his appreciation for Mr. Zaildar Ahsan Shah's significant contributions and dedication in ensuring the success of this event. The Honorable Minister emphasized that Mr. Zaildar Ahsan Shah is one of his long-standing friends, and without his tireless efforts, this event would not have been possible. Additionally, he extended his thanks to Mr. Ovais Ali Khokhar, the CEO of the House of Elaan and Ovaisco Group, for sponsoring this event.

Addressing to the participants of the caravan, Syed Wasi Ahmed Shah said that the government was planning short and long term plans to promote tourism and major focus would be on inbound tourists as promotion of inbound tourism would pave the way for attracting foreign tourists. He was of the view that Pakistan has an amazing landscape, natural beauty, history, rich culture and heritage.

He mentioned further that the government's strategy includes promoting eco-tourism in collaboration with private-sector partnerships, with a specific emphasis on regions endowed with abundant tourist attractions. According to Wasi Shah, he stated,

"Visitors to Pakistan will soon have access to an official application that provides accurate information and connects them with the state tourism department."

This application will be readily available to Android users through the Google Play Store, offering a comprehensive array of details about tourist destinations, transportation choices, and various services.

In response to inquiries, Wasi Shah elaborated on the government's unwavering dedication to nurturing the medical tourism sector. He affirmed that the government would establish a conducive environment for the growth of medical tourism by enacting a variety of policies.

He remarked,

"These long-term strategies can exert a direct or indirect influence on a destination's appeal to international patients. We intend to engage in public-private partnerships with healthcare institutions to collaboratively develop and promote initiatives in medical tourism."

He went on to state, "Our objective is to transform tourism into a catalyst for economic growth and the creation of employment opportunities, especially for the youth, in the coming years. He commented,

"Pakistan boasts a variety of climatic zones and numerous untapped tourist destinations that have the potential to be promoted and showcased to the world."

Furthermore, he emphasized,

"Our government is prioritizing eco-tourism to ensure the preservation of the environment while managing tourist attractions."

The minister also stressed the importance of media's active involvement in promoting tourism sites, suggesting that filmmakers and playwrights should explore additional tourist destinations. He also commended the efforts of the Pakistan Tourism Development Corporation and Mr. Zaildar Ahsan Shah, Managing Director Elaan Research Centre in advancing the cause of tourism within the country. He further emphasized,

"We are actively advocating for green initiatives to encourage responsible tourism in our nation. The ministry has devised several strategies to facilitate small businesses in making environmentally-friendly investments."

He concluded by urging all stakeholders not only to run awareness campaigns regarding cleanliness but also to establish effective daily cleaning arrangements at tourist sites.

Mr. Zaildar Ahsan Shah expressed his appreciation and gratitude towards Honorable Minister Syed Wasi Shah, who came together to celebrate Tourism Day at significant archaeological sites. He commended Syed Wasi Shah's humility and poetic talents, acknowledging that without the support of the Honorable Minister, this event would not have been possible. Mr. Zaildar Ahsan Shah applauded the Honorable Minister's innovative idea and vision to celebrate Tourism Day by visiting archaeological sites. He emphasized the historical importance of Taxila, which boasts nearly 30 different archaeological sites, suggesting that the Government of Pakistan should consider declaring Taxila as a World Heritage City.

Mr. Zaildar Ahsan Shah said that tourism holds immense economic significance for all nations, and Pakistan possesses the potential to emerge as a top-tier global tourist destination. Despite being a developing nation, Pakistan's tourism sector is poised to transform its challenges into strengths. Hence, it is imperative for the government to explore and harness the abundant opportunities within Pakistan's tourism industry to compete effectively on the world stage. In order to promote tourism further, he recommended initiating a dialogue among various ministries, such as the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Religious Affairs, the Ministry of Culture, and Tourism. This collaborative effort would help facilitate tourism and the preservation of archaeological sites in Pakistan. Mr. Zaildar Ahsan Shah also extended an invitation to host this dialogue at the House of Elaan.

Conclusion

Pakistan boasts a wealth of tourist destinations, presenting a wide array of options to cater to various types of travelers. The nation boasts one of the world's oldest civilizations and features countless spots of breathtaking natural beauty, including the world's highest mountains. It is home to numerous religious and historical sites, unique arts and crafts, and a rich cultural heritage.

The Ministry of Tourism is dedicated to promoting these captivating tourist destinations and is committed to establishing Pakistan as a hub for tourists. Therefore, it is crucial for the people of Pakistan and the media to actively participate in promoting tourism to both local and international visitors.